77. What are hive beetles, and how do I control them?

Hive beetles—more commonly called Small Hive Beetles (SHB)—are a pest that can cause real trouble in a beehive if left unchecked. They are not as destructive as some diseases, but under the right conditions, they can quickly overwhelm a colony.

For beginners, the key is understanding what they are and how to keep them under control.

What are hive beetles?

The small hive beetle is a small, dark brown or black insect, about the size of a grain of rice. Adult beetles often hide in cracks and corners of the hive, avoiding the bees.

The real damage comes from their larvae (the young stage). These larvae feed on:

• Honey

• Pollen

• Bee brood

As they feed, they leave behind waste that causes the honey to ferment and become slimy, often with a strong, unpleasant smell.

Why are they a problem?

A few beetles in a strong hive are usually not a major concern. Bees can often keep their numbers in check.

However, problems arise when:

• The colony is weak or stressed

• The weather is warm and humid

• Beetles are allowed to reproduce freely

In severe cases, beetle larvae can destroy comb, spoil honey, and even cause the colony to abandon the hive.

Signs of hive beetles

Here are some common signs to watch for:

• Adult beetles running across frames when disturbed

• Small clusters of beetles hiding in corners

• Slimy or wet-looking comb

• A fermented smell, sometimes like rotting fruit

• Larvae crawling in the hive or near the entrance

You may also see larvae leaving the hive to pupate in the soil nearby.

How do you control hive beetles?

The good news is that hive beetles can be managed with a few practical steps.

• 1. Keep strong colonies

This is your best defence.

A strong colony with plenty of bees can:

• Chase beetles into corners

• Prevent them from laying eggs

• Clean up small infestations

Weak hives, on the other hand, are much more vulnerable.

• 2. Use beetle traps

Simple beetle traps are very effective.

• Placed between frames or on the hive floor

• Often filled with oil to trap and kill beetles

• Easy to install and maintain

These traps help reduce beetle numbers over time.

• 3. Maintain good hive hygiene

Keep your hive clean and tidy:

• Remove old or damaged comb

• Avoid leaving burr comb or debris inside

• Do not leave honey frames exposed for long periods

A clean hive gives beetles fewer places to hide and breed.

• 4. Choose a good hive location

Hive beetles thrive in shaded, damp areas.

If possible:

• Place your hive in full or partial sunlight

• Keep it well-ventilated

• Raise it slightly off the ground

This makes the environment less favourable for beetles.

• 5. Manage the soil around the hive

Since beetle larvae pupate in the soil:

• Keep the ground dry if possible

• Some beekeepers use barriers or treatments around the hive base

This can interrupt the beetle life cycle.

A balanced perspective

Seeing hive beetles for the first time can be unsettling, but they are a common part of beekeeping, especially in warmer climates.

The important thing to remember is this: they are manageable.

With strong colonies, simple traps, and good hive care, you can keep beetle numbers low and your bees healthy.

Over time, you will learn to spot them early and respond calmly—just another part of caring for your hive.