Supplemental Feeding for Bees.

The sugar-to-water ratio for feeding bees varies depending on the season and the colony’s needs:

Spring Feeding (1:1 ratio)

• Purpose: Stimulate brood rearing and encourage comb building.

• Ratio: 1 part sugar to 1 part water (by volume)—e.g., 1 cup sugar + 1 cup water. Dissolve sugar in lukewarm water only.

• Consistency: Thin syrup, similar to nectar.

• Use: Helps build up colony strength after winter and prepares bees for the nectar flow.

Autumn Feeding (2:1 ratio)

• Purpose: Build up winter food stores.

• Ratio: 2 parts sugar to 1 part water (by volume)—e.g., 2 cups sugar + 1 cup water.

• Consistency: Thicker syrup, more like honey.

• Use: Encourages bees to store the syrup as winter food because it requires less evaporation.

Tips:

• Use white granulated sugar only—no brown sugar, molasses, or artificial sweeteners.

• Feed in internal feeders (like top or frame feeders) to reduce robbing risk. My preference is the top feeder, as it will not disturb the bees.

• Remove feeders once natural nectar is available to prevent dependency.

Never boil a sugar solution. Because it can lead to the formation of harmful compounds that may negatively affect bee health.

Here’s why:

Formation of Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)

When sugar (especially sucrose) is overheated or caramelised, it breaks down chemically and produces a compound called hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF).

• HMF is toxic to bees, even in small amounts.

How to Avoid HMF Formation

• Always use lukewarm or cold water to dissolve the sugar.

• Stir thoroughly until the sugar is fully dissolved.

• Use white granulated sugar only (avoid brown sugar or molasses-based sugars, which are high in minerals bees can't process).

Safe Feeding Tip:

Think of your sugar syrup as temporary support, not a replacement for nectar or honey. Keeping the syrup fresh and free of harmful substances ensures your bees stay healthy, especially when they're already under stress in early spring or late fall.